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41.
Wu Wentao 《生态经济(英文版)》2006,2(4):442-448
1. Introduction Domestic waste has become a worldwide hazard. It has been listed in Preferential Programmes in China for 21st Century. The combination of the three techniques, the transformation of domestic waste into useful resources, the reduction of do- mestic waste and the innocent treatment of domes- tic waste is the long-term guideline in China. In the spirit of the guideline, several laws and regulations have been enacted, including Technical Standards of Municipal Solid Landfill, … 相似文献
42.
The Effect of Protest Votes on the Estimates of WTP for Use Values of Recreational Sites 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Elisabetta Strazzera Margarita Genius Riccardo Scarpa George Hutchinson 《Environmental and Resource Economics》2003,25(4):461-476
Contingent valuation studies are often characterized by a considerable number of protest responses, which may cause selectivity bias on the final estimates for WTP. Sample selection models can detect and – if necessary – correct selectivity bias. In economic applications where the relevant dependent variable is continuous, sample selection models are generally estimated using Heckman's 2-step method rather than the FIML estimator. Either method has its own drawback: computational complexity for the FIML method, susceptibility to collinearity problems for the 2-step method. Using data on valuation of forest resources for recreational use, we analyse the performance of the two estimators. In this application, given the presence of some collinearity, the FIML is preferred to the 2-step method. A procedure is outlined to deal with selectivity problems in similar settings. 相似文献
43.
Ahmet?Kuba?Email author Fatih?Yilmaz Ya?ar?Akta? Nurcan?Met?N 《Quality and Quantity》2005,39(5):615-623
Multinomial Logit Model has analyzed the relationship between the frequency of visits to recreation areas and the motivational factors affecting the visits. Kastro Environment Preserving Site that is located in the Black Sea coast of Marmara region in Turkey, has been chosen as the site for this study. Kastro bay is a natural park that is visited only for recreational visits. The study has been conducted on a photogenic study group due to the proximity factor of Kastro bay close to Istanbul. Kastro bay is a popular recreational park due to its characteristic advantages such as a 200 m wide and approximately 2.5 km long beach and with its high quality vegetation. The vegetation type includes ash tree, oak tree, black pine, sand lily etc. Kastro bay is also the site for the Mediterranean seals (Monachus-monachus) which are at the level of extinction. Approximately 50,000 visitors visit the region during the months of July and August. It has been concluded that there is high direct correlation between the frequency of visits and the motivational factors. It has been determined that the visits are mostly based on the sea and the ecological tourism.Jel: O13, Q20, Q26, Q51, Q56, Q57 相似文献
44.
The main goal of both Bayesian model selection and classical hypotheses testing is to make inferences with respect to the
state of affairs in a population of interest. The main differences between both approaches are the explicit use of prior information
by Bayesians, and the explicit use of null distributions by the classicists. Formalization of prior information in prior distributions
is often difficult. In this paper two practical approaches (encompassing priors and training data) to specify prior distributions
will be presented. The computation of null distributions is relatively easy. However, as will be illustrated, a straightforward
interpretation of the resulting p-values is not always easy. Bayesian model selection can be used to compute posterior probabilities for each of a number of
competing models. This provides an alternative for the currently prevalent testing of hypotheses using p-values. Both approaches will be compared and illustrated using case studies. Each case study fits in the framework of the
normal linear model, that is, analysis of variance and multiple regression. 相似文献
45.
Charles J. Corbett Frank J. C. Debets Luk N. Van Wassenhove 《Environmental and Resource Economics》1996,7(3):287-305
Selection and execution of site decontamination projects is often best left to local authorities, in accordance with the subsidiarity principle, even though the budget for such projects is made available through a central authority. In this paper we suggest a practical budget allocation policy which a central authority can employ to allocate budgets to local authorities, while still optimising the central authority's environmental objective function. The procedure is fully consistent with the principle of decentralisation of responsibility for selection and execution of projects, and requires a minimum information exchange between local and central levels. Despite the information asymmetry between local and central levels, incentive compatibility problems can be (partially) prevented by choosing an appropriate evaluation mechanism. At the same time, the procedure is computationally effective and efficient, and can guarantee a fair budget allocation, making it easy to implement and politically acceptable. 相似文献
46.
47.
通过文献分析和实地调研,探索北京静宜园香山寺的历史沿革,分析其相地选址、建筑布局理法,并简述其艺术价值。香山寺坐落于“藏风聚气、背风向阳”的西山东坡山腰的脊线之上,在选址方面充分体现“得体合宜”之相地要领,巧妙地利用了自然的有利生态条件,满足了人居环境的基本需求。香山寺内建筑主要沿中轴布置,起承转合,形成颇具特色的“上宫下寺”的结构,错落的佛殿与自然完美融合,在景观营造方面颇具艺术性。 相似文献
48.
David Schmidt Robert Shupp James M. Walker Elinor Ostrom 《Games and Economic Behavior》2003,42(2):281-299
This paper presents results from a series of experiments designed to test the impact on subject behavior of changes in the risk dominance and payoff dominance characteristics of two player coordination games. The main finding is that changes in risk dominance significantly affect play of the subjects, whereas changes in the level of payoff dominance do not. Observed history of play also has an important influence on subject behavior, both when subjects are randomly rematched after each game and when they remain matched with the same individual for a sequence of games. 相似文献
49.
根据景区环境控制的原则,本文从生态环境、空间环境、设施环境以及社会环境四个方面建立起三峡库区景区环境控制指标体系,并以重庆库区为例对各项指标的控制标准进行了较为详细的论述. 相似文献
50.
论农业保险经营模式的选择--基于防范信息不对称之上的研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
刘悦 《贵州财经学院学报》2006,(2):57-59
信息不对称问题是阻碍农业保险经营与发展的重要障碍,在纯商业化形式不适用的情况下,单纯的政策性农业保险也难以化解此矛盾."互助合作 联合共保"农险经营模式可以充分发挥农业保险作为一项不可替代的经济补偿制度的作用. 相似文献